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A guide to HTML Commands

This is a guide to HTML commands. After reading this guide, we recommend that you use the Useful Resources section to find further helpful Web sites and Resources on this subject.

The Basics
Adding e-mail links
Adding a link
Adding an image
Specifying fonts
Using Tables
Using Frames
Using Java and Javascript


The Basics

HTML is essentially a collection of codes or tags, for example the code <B> will make your text bold and the code <I> will make it italics. You use these tags to create your page and it can be done in any word processor or even in Windows Notepad. On a Mac you can use Simple Text.

Netscape Composer is a WYSIWYG program (What You See Is What You Get). You do not need to understand or memorise HTML to create a website but it helps! For more information regarding Netscape Composer see: Building a Webpage using Netscape Composer

Note: This example uses Windows Notepad although you can use any text editor to create HTML.

Open up Notepad by opening the Start menu and selecting Programs, then Accessories and Notepad to begin.

A page written in HTML must start with the tag <HTML> this tells the browser and your computer that this is an HTML page.

On the next line under <HTML> type <HEAD>. The HEAD tag holds information about the page.

On the next line, type in the tag: <TITLE >. Now give your page a name, this will appear in the title bar of Web browsers.

End the TITLE tag by typing </TITLE >. The slash is important, it turns tags on and off. Your HTML code will look like this:

<TITLE>My home page</TITLE>

Close the HEAD command on the next line with the </HEAD> tag.

On a new line, type: <BODY>. This is where you will create the content of your Webpage. Visitors to your website will see everything you write here in their browsers. Type in the text:

This page is under construction

and end the BODY with the </BODY> tag.

At the end of the page, type </HTML>. This tag tells the browser this is the end of the HTML.Your code should now look like:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My home page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This page is under construction
</BODY>
</HTML>

Save your HTML file in Notepad by opening the File menu and clicking on Save As. You can give your page any name you wish but you must give it a .html or .htm file extension. This is so Web browsers will recognise it as an HTML page. Make sure you select Text Documents in the 'Save as Type' field.

To view your page before you upload it to your personal webspace, open up Netscape or another browser on your computer. From the File menu in the browser, select Open and browse to the page on your hard disk. Click OK to load your HTML page into your browser.

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Adding e-mail links

You can also provide a way for people viewing your homepage to send you an e-mail.

To add an e-mail link you need to type the following HTML into your page:

<A HREF="mailto:myname@netscapeonline.co.uk">e-mail me</A>

(you will need to to replace 'myname' with your Netscape Online User Name e.g. JohnSmith.

The 'e-mail me' text between the tags can be anything you like. If a visitor clicks on the link (providing they have an e-mail software package) they will be able to send an e-mail to you.

If you want to use forms on your website (for example, to allow visitors to send you e-mail without needing to launch their own e-mail client) you will need to use a CGI script. Although your Netscape Online personal web space does not directly support CGI scripting, you can use the CGI functionality of third party CGI providers. To do this, you will need to set up a link between your Netscape Online Webpage and the third party's own server. Instructions should be available on the third party's Web site.

Good examples of websites which provide CGI scripts are:

CGI For Me | Server.com | VantageNet | 1 2 3 WebTools

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Adding a Link

The Web works because people link to other people's sites, so show a bit of community spirit and include links to other relevant sites from your pages.

Use this tag to add a link:

<A HREF="http://www.netscape.co.uk">Netscape Online</A>

To link to a different website,replace the above URL with the full Web address of the site you want your link to point at.

Only the words 'Netscape Online' appear in your Web browser but you'll see the text has been underlined to show it is a link to another site.

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Adding an Image

Make sure your Web site loads quickly by keeping down the size of your images.

Pictures should generally be saved in GIF, JPG (JPEG) or PNG format for a browser to be able to display it correctly. Use the tag:

<IMG SRC="image.gif">

to add an image, where 'image.gif' is the name and type of your image. Your HTML code will find your image and your browser will display it.

It is best to store any images you plan to use, in the same folder as the HTML page itself. However, if you are planning to use a lot of images, it is a good idea to move all your images into a separate sub-folder called e.g. 'Images'. This will make it easier to locate when you come to update your site.

You can define where the image appears on screen by using Align with left, center or right tags as shown below. You can place inverted quotes after tags or just leave them out. The HTML code should look like:

<IMG SRC="image.gif" ALIGN="right">

-or without quotes-

<IMG SRC=image.gif ALIGN=right>

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Specifying Fonts

To specify a particular font, use this command:

<FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">

You can replace Arial with a font of your choice. Please remember that everyone may not have the same fonts as you so you. If you want visitors to your page to see exactly what you see you should use standard fonts such as Arial, Times New Roman, Courier , Sans Serif or Verdana.

You can size your font from 1 (the smallest) to 6 (the biggest).

The font COLOR (note the American spelling must be used) is the colour you want the font to be. This is an RGB value such as #000000 (for black) or #FFFFFF (for white). A full list of the different RGB values can be found at:

When you want to specify a new font style, close the existing style with
</FONT> and enter a new FONT command.

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Using Tables

Tables are a flexible way of presenting information on a page. You can specify numbers of columns and rows allowing you to move information in positions you would not be able to achieve with standard HTML commands.

If you wish to use Tables when building your Webpage, we recommend you follow the help and advice offered in the following Web sites:

Web Monkey's Guide to Tables | Tables in Netscape

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Using Frames

Frames are a combination of two or more HTML pages (or frames) presented as a single page. Frames are extremely useful for listing links on your page, informing people of information (such as telling the time), or showing more than one subject at a time.

If you wish to use frames when building your Webpage, we recommend you follow the help and advice offered in the following Web sites:

Web Monkey Frames Tutorial | Sharkey's Frames Tutorial

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Using Java and Javascript

If you wish to use Java or Javascript when building your Webpage, we recommend you follow the help and advice offered in the following Web sites:

Andy's Introductory Javascript Tutorials | The Javascript Source |

Absolute Java | Java Boutique

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Other Commands

For a full list and explanation of HTML commands, please check out these Webpages:

Hypertext Markup Language | HTML Help

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